Pune (Voice News Service): One of the major cause of death in women in India, Cervical Cancer is a preventable cancer. But efficient screening is a key to prevent Cervical Cancer opined experts. January is observed as Cervical Cancer Awareness Month.
Dr. Sanjay MH said that the major risk factor is Human Papillomavirus which is a sexually transmitted virus and accounts for 95 % of cervical cancers, the other being Non-HPV related risk factors. The Non –HPV related risk factors include use of Oral Contraceptives (OCPs) and smoking. HPV can affect both males and females.
The Human Papillomavirus first attacks the genital organs, causing infection and inflammation in the cervix. Such an infection can go further and turn into cancer 10 or 15 years later, and the virus remain dormant throughout this latent phase.
What should be emphasized is screening which is a key to prevent this cancer. It is important to diagnose cancers at an early stage, said Dr. Sanjay MH. He added that women in the age group from 30-65 years should consult their doctors on screening which includes Pap Smear test every three years. This is simplest method to detect any malignant cells if any. Along with Pap Smear, every five years HPV co-DNA testing will be essential to pick up the cancer in early stages.
Vaccination is important to guard against HPV. Immunization is done in two age groups 9-12 years before they come into teens and given in two doses, while if it is missed it can be given in the age group of 13-25 years in three doses. The HPV vaccination also for both males and since this is a sexually transmitted disease vaccination in males can help prevent transmission.
Dr. Sanjay MH said that the symptoms of cervical cancer include abnormal vaginal discharge or bleeding and lower abdominal pain. Diagnosis includes biopsy, in which a sample of cells/tissues is sent to a laboratory for testing. If the person is diagnosed with cancer then MRI, CT scan or abdominal scan may be done to understand the stage of the cancer. Depending on the stage surgery or chemo-radiation may be advised.
